Mastering Passive Information Gathering: An Ultra-Extensive Guide to Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Reconnaissance

Passive information gathering, often associated with OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence), is a foundational step in penetration testing, threat research, competitive intelligence, and investigative journalism. Rather than directly interacting with the target’s systems, practitioners rely on publicly available resources to gather insights, ensuring minimal footprints. When executed properly, passive recon yields a wealth of data—from domain records…

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